Artificial Intelligence and its Relationship to Ethical Problems: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study

Artificial Intelligence and its Relationship to Ethical Problems: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study
 
Asmaa Ali Abdel Aziz Al-Dhanin.
 Department of Comparative Jurisprudence, Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Female Students, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Email: Asmaaali@azhar.edu.eg
Abstract:
This study aims to explain the meaning of artificial intelligence (AI), and the ruling on using AI technology according to Islamic jurisprudence. The core of the research focuses on the problems and harms resulting from AI including deep fakes (using AI to fabricate visual or audio clips of people, or even dead people), trading in personal data, and the ruling on selling it, the problem of unfairness, trespassing on privacy and people’s private lives, the use of AI techniques in many countries as a means of proof to identify terrorist and criminal behavior through face features and the ruling on punishing criminals based on this application in Islamic jurisprudence. The comparative inductive-deductive approach has been followed in this research. Some of the most important results are: It is permissible to use AI since things are permissible by default; according to Islamic jurisprudence, deep fake is more severe than outright slander, and whoever uses it to slander and defame people must be flogged eighty lashes; it is permissible for a person to sell his/her own personal data and trade in it, but it is forbidden to hack data and trade in it without the permission of its owner; and finally criminals who have been convicted through classification and prediction algorithms should not be punished unless more conclusive evidence has been found.