Iftinanas One of the Arts of Elm Al-Badea : A Critical Vision
Ahmed Shawky Mohamed BaTheesh
Department of Rhetoric and Criticism, Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Boys, Desouk, Al-Azhar University, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Email: ahmadBatheesh1315.el@azhar.edu.eg Abstract:
The study aims to clarify the concept of "Iftinan" and refute the misconceptions attached to it. It has been one of the terms that opened the door to accusations of rigidity and inadequacy in rhetoric, focusing on the meticulous craftsmanship of individual poetic verses and emphasizing their beauty in isolation, without paying attention to the eloquence of the entire text. This is done by exploring "Iftinan" in light of its linguistic meaning, within the framework of its established definition among rhetoricians, and discussing modern scholars' proposals to expand its concept to encompass the entire text. Additionally, the study addresses various rhetorical issues and critical perspectives raised to highlight the distinctive nature of “Iftinan” and its unique craft. This is further exemplified by analyzing Mimiyyah[2]Ibn Nabata Al-Masri's "A Joy Erased, That Presented Grief" as it is considered the best example of combining congratulation and condolence, a subject that critics regard as the most challenging path in “Iftinan” due to the extreme contradiction between the two arts. The study employs an artistic analytical method and concludes that the concept of “Iftinan”, as understood by ancient rhetoricians, aims to expand and manipulate language, relying on the blending of different literary arts to create a new one. This understanding of “Iftinan” is more accurate, comprehensive, and realistic than what modern scholars have proposed. Other findings are as well revealed by the study.
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