Electronic Money Transfer A Comparative Jurisprudencial Study

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract


Electronic Money Transfer A Comparative Jurisprudencial Study
Somaya Abdel-Aaty Mohamed
Department of Comparative Jurisprudence, Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Email: somayaabdelatty.18@azhar.edu.eg
Abstract:
In recent years, the banking sector has witnessed a significant expansion in banking technology, one of the most prominent manifestations of which is the spread of electronic banks. The electronic transfer of money is a very important part of the services that are provided by banks to their customers through the international network. The electronic transfer of money leads to the transfer of financial rights without resorting to the physical transfer of money through delivery. The present study aims to define the concept of electronic money transfer by explaining its nature as well as its types and forms. It also aims to reach a comprehensive legal ruling for the electronic money transfer contract based on the sayings of jurists and their independent reasoning. This is achieved through examining these views in order to reach the most appropriate jurisprudential adaptation to the nature of the contract. The study ends with reaching the general Sharia ruling for each type and then the ruling of each transaction in each type separately. The study adopts a descriptive approach to explain the nature of the electronic transfer of money by describing the phenomenon in question. It also adopts an analytical approach to investigate its various aspects to reach its legal rulings.  A deductive approach is also adopted in the study as relative opinions are collected in addition to pieces of evidence and their relative discussions. It mentions the researcher’s view regarding the most preponderant of the controversial statements coupled with the justifications for weighting.The study concludes that electronic transfer of money is a modern transaction serving people, whether the transfer is within the country or outside it; there is nothing in Sharia texts prohibiting it. The basic rule in transactions is permissibility unless there is opposition to the texts of Sharia. The study ends with the permissibility of taking a commission on the electronic transfer of money. The process of the electronic money transfer in case of different currencies includes the exchange contract, but the mutual receipt in the council has not taken place in the usual tangible manner in the contracting council. Rather, the money is deposited to the account of each client. Bank entry is considered a proper receipt of money and it substitutes real receipt of money when the required conditions are fulfilled.
Keywords: Electronic banks, electronic transfer, banking commission, bank entry.

Keywords


 
First: The Glorious Quran:
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Third: Rules of Al-Fiqh wa Usuloh:
1-      Al-Ashbah wa An-Nazaeer ala Mazhab Abi Hanifah An-Nouman , Ibn Nogaem,    Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon 1st edition (1419AH).
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 Hanafi Doctrine:
1-           Al-Ikhtyar le Taalel Al-Moukhtar, Ibn Mawdoud Al-Maosali, Al-Halabi printing House, Cairo,1356 AH.  
2-           Al-Asl, Ash-Shaybani, Dar Ibn Hazm, Beirut, 2nd edition 1433 AH.
3-           Al-Bahr Al-Raiq Sharh Kanz Ad-Dqaiaq, Ibn Nojaeem Al-Masry, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Islami.
4-            Al-Mabsout, As-Sarkhasi, Dar Al-Marefa, Beirut Lebanon,
Maliki Doctrine:
1-      At-Taj wa Al-Ikleel le Moukhtasar Khalil, Al-Mouaq Al-Maliki, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1st edition,1416 AH.
2-      At-Tawdeeh fi Sharh Moukhtasar Ibn Al-Hajib, Dayaa Ad-Deen Al-Jendi, Markaz Sibawayh, 1st edition, 1429 AH.
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Shafi Doctrine:
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Hanbali Doctrine:
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2-       Al-Insaf, fi Marefat Ar-Rajeh men Al-Khalaf, Al-Mardawi, Dar Ihyaa At-Turath Al-Arabi, 2nd edition. 
3-        Al-Uqoud, Ibn Taimiah, As-Suunah Al-Muhammadiah Bookshop, 
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1-      Al-Ijmaa, An-Nisabouri, Dar Al-Muslim, 1st edition, 1425 AH.
2-      Al-Bahjah fi Sharh At-Touhfah, At-Tasawoli, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Lebanon 1st edition 1418 AH. 
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1-      Tajj Al-Arous, Az-Zobaydi, Dar Al-Hidyah,
2-      Al-Moujam Al-Waseet, Arabic Language Academy, Dar Ad-Dawah.
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2-      Al-Boyoua Ash-Shaah wa Athar Dawabet Al-Mabeea ala Sharaiataha, Al-Bouti, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, 6th edition, 1431 AH.
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6-    Electronic Banks   https://moga.ahlamontada.net
7-      Al-Amaliat Al-Masrifiah Al-Electroniah, Uday Aboud Al-Asdi.
8-    Electronic Banks
9-      At-Takyeef Al-Fiqhi lil Tahwilat Al-Masrifiah, Al-Qaradaghi, https://alqaradaghi.com