قسم الحديث وعلومه ، کلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات بالقاهرة - مصر-
البريد الإلکتروني: eman.shalaby@azhar.edu.eg
الملخص:
يعد هذا البحث محاولة لدراسة موضوع زيادة الثقة وما يتصل بها من أنواع علوم الحديث الأخرى وعرضها بوحدة موضوعية . ويهدف البحث إلى إظهار الترابط بين زيادة الثقة وبين هذه الأنواع الحديثية التي ذکرت في کتب مصطلح الحديث کموضوعات مستقلة ، کالحديث المعلول بتعارض الوصل والإرسال ، أوتعارض الرفع و الوقف ، وکالحديث الشاذ ، والمزيد في متصل الأسانيد ، ليشمل هذه الأنواع المترابطة حکم کلي، منعا للتناقض والتعارض فى الحکم عليها، کما يهدف البحث إلى الوصول إلى الرأي الراجح في حکم زيادة الثقة. وقد اعتمدت على المنهج المقارن والمنهج التحليلي في بيان العلاقة بين زيادة الثقة وغيرها من أنواع علوم الحديث المرتبطة بها ،والمنهج النقدي في عرض آراء العلماء في حکم زيادة الثقة . ومن أهم نتائج البحث: أن إطلاق بعض المحدثين القول بأن الزيادة من الثقة مقبولة ليس قولا مطلقا منهم في کل زيادة، حتى وإن کان روايها عدلا ضابطا، وإنما هي في زيادة الثقة المبرز في الحفظ والإتقان على غيره ، ولکل زيادة حکم خاص بها من حيث القبول أو الرد، وفقا لما ترجح من الملابسات والقرائن التي يُحکم بمقتضاها على راوي الزيادة بأنه قد أتقن وحفظ مالم يحفظه الآخرون فتقبل زيادته ،أو أنه قد وهم واختل ضبطه فترد زيادته .
Investigations on Additions Made by Trustworthy Narrators
Eman Ahmad Shalabi Othman
Department of Hadith and its Sciences، Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Girls in Cairo، Egypt.
Email: eman.shalaby@azhar.edu.eg
Abstract:
The present study is an attempt to examine the subject of additions made by trustworthy narrators and its relation to other types of Hadith sciences and elaborating the topic objectively.
The study aims at showing the connection between additions made by trustworthy narrators and the types of hadiths which have been mentioned in the Hadith terminology literature as independent topics، such as defective hadith because of a contradiction in continuity1 and attribution2 or a contradiction in attribution to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and discontinuation3. Other examples include the irregular hadith4، and the hadith that is added in a continuous chain of transmission. This is in order to have a holistic judgement for these connected types to avoid inconsistency and contradiction that may happen while judging them. The study also aims at reaching the most preponderant opinion in the status of the additions made by trustworthy narrators.
The study adopts the comparative approach and the analytical approach to show the relation between the additions made by trustworthy narrators and the other related types of Hadith sciences. It also adopts the critical approach in reviewing the opinions of scholars in the status of the additions made by trustworthy narrators.
The most important conclusion arrived at is that the generalization made by some hadith scholars about the acceptability of the additions made by trustworthy narrators is not applicable to every addition even if its narrator is a truly pious person who has been known for his uprightness and exactitude. The generalization applies to the additions made by a trustworthy narrator who surpasses other narrators in memory and exactitude. Every addition has its own judgement in terms of acceptance or rejection; it is judged in accordance to the weighted circumstances and inferences according to which the narrator of the additions is judged so as to see whether he has mastered and memorized what others did not preserve (in this case his addition is accepted) or he has been deluded and his exactitude is doubted (in this case his addition is rejected).
Keywords:Trustworthy narrator – irregular hadith - hadith that is added in a continuous chain of transmission – odd hadith- defective hadith
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